There is growing concern about the environmental and human health effects of micro- and nanoplastics (NP) which have been released into the environment. These particles which are from anthropogenic origin are now ubiquitous in the environment and have been found in the atmosphere, soil and water. Once released into the environment, the dispersal and small particle sizes mean that remediation is unlikely to be a solution. In fact, the unplanned and unregulated disposal of macroplastics is leading to wider pollution as environmental degradation of macroplastics leads to fragmentation into micro- and nanoplastics. This chapter is concerned with microplastics (MP) as contaminants of emerging concern and seeks to discuss whether photochemical processes might be a solution to the removal of microplastics from wastewater or if, indeed, environmental photochemical processes are realistically part of the problem in generating microplastics from the degradation of macroplastics. Some researchers have investigated the use of photon-driven processes for the degradation of micro- and nanoplastics in water; however, these processes are degradative and lead to modification and fragmentation, which actually might exacerbate the problem. On a more positive note, it might be that photon-driven processes might be useful in the conversion of waste plastics to useful products, including fuels. This is an exciting area for research.