Microplastics and nanoplastics have been detected in freshwaters worldwide. Ecotoxicological studies have demonstrated microplastics’ and nanoplastics’ uptake, accumulation and adverse effects on many vertebrates and invertebrates in freshwater systems. Some studies have indicated the lethal action of micro- and nanoplastics on animals and their potential transfer through food chains. However, no explicit risk assessment of microplastics in freshwater has been performed. Therefore, we reviewed all available exposure and recent ecotoxicity data for microplastics in amphibians and conducted a preliminary probabilistic risk assessment in the present study. Since it is crucial to study microplastic pollution and its impacts on environmentally sensitive and globally threatened animal groups, such as amphibians, which also play an essential role in the energy transfer between ecosystems, it is vital to consider the impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on amphibians.