Nitrogenous DBPs

Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) have gained increased attention because toxicological research suggests that they may pose greater health risk compared to carbonaceous disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs). The increased interest is especially noteworthy since utilities are required to use source water that might be affected by wastewater effluents or algal blooms, both commonly containing high levels of organic nitrogen, acting as precursors of N-DBPs. Four classes of typical N-DBPs, haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), haloacetmides (HAMs), and cyanogen halides (CNX), have been identified and are the focus of critical review in this chapter. The following key aspects are typically addressed: basic properties, essential precursors, formation mechanisms, occurrences, regulations, and health implications. The review of these themes aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of N-DBPs, enabling researchers, policymakers, and water utility professionals to make informed decisions regarding water treatment processes and the safeguarding of public health in the face of population growth and the increasing utilization of impaired water sources.