Biomass Electricity Generation in a Fully Renewable Power Sector of Africa: Viable Technologies, Opportunities, Barriers, and Policy Regulation

Traditional biomass is responsible for about 500,000 premature deaths of Africans yearly; thus, a sustainable solution is needed. In this study, the LUT Energy System Transition Model and a comprehensive bioenergy estimation method are used to investigate biomass utilisation for power and viable bioenergy technology options in a 100% renewable power sector of Africa. First, a comprehensive review on bioenergy application in a 100% renewable energy sector of Africa is conducted. Then, based on the review, two 100% renewable power sector scenarios were analysed with the LUT Energy System Transition Model. Lastly, three biomass power generation technologies: solid biomass power plants, waste-to-energy incinerators, and biogas power plants, were explored to ascertain the least-cost and most viable biomass power generation technology option for Africa. The result of the study indicates that out of 29 peer-reviewed journal articles, 5 articles discuss in detail the role of biomass in the power sector of Africa. Further, flexible generation from biomass has a positive impact on the total installed capacity, total generation, storage capacity and output, grid utilisation, levelised cost of electricity, and ensure security of supply. Biogas power plants contribute 86.5 and 76.5% of the total biomass installed capacity and generation, respectively, and emerged as the least-cost option for Africa. Finally, opportunities, barriers, and policy implementations to facilitate high penetration of biomass into the African power sector are addressed.