Within the sections of this chapter, the reader is provided with a comprehensive synthesis of previous works, including modeling efforts, aimed at describing the Argolikos Gulf environmental status and functioning under various anthropogenic and natural pressures and scenarios. Following the introduction (Sect. 1), Sect. 2 is a presentation of the geomorphology and geology of the region. In Sects. 3, 6, and 7, respectively, where scarce data is available, modeling efforts are used to investigate the hydrology, the environmental status, and the outcome of climate change scenarios. Environmental data provided in Sect. 4 were obtained within the scope of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation. Section 5 presents the benthic environment of the region. Overall, the aim of this chapter is to contribute to the understanding of the geography, geomorphology, hydrology, environmental data, benthic environment, the overall environmental status, and different climate change scenarios in the Argolikos Gulf.