The chest wall is the boundary of the thoracic cavity, and it is composed of bones, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues all involved in respiratory mechanics and in protecting intrathoracic organs. Chest wall measurements serve two main purposes: clinically, they are essential for diagnosing, severity assessment and treatment planning of some congenital and acquired conditions, such as congenital deformities, trauma, tumors, inflammation, and infection; in forensic contexts, they are applied in both anthropological studies and crime-related investigations. Imaging is central to these applications. This chapter will explore the indications, techniques, and objectives of chest wall measurements, highlighting their clinical and forensic relevance for each anatomical component.