The principle behind the kyphoplasty procedure is to restore the height of a vertebra by using an inflatable bone tamp so as to reduce or reverse the kyphotic deformity associated with a fracture (Belkoff et al. 2001b; Coumans et al. 2003; Dudeney et al. 2002; Lane et al. 2000, 2004; Ledlie and Renfro 2003; Teng et al. 2003; Wong et al. 2002). The concept of inserting and inflating a balloon into a vertebral body was first developed in the mid 1980s by an orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Mark Reiley, and an engineer, Arie Scholten. It was not until 1994, 10 years later, that Dr. Reiley was able to find investors interested in his “balloons in bones” idea. The newly formed Kyphon Corporation (Sunnyvale, CA) had two major tasks on its hands: first, to develop a balloon capable of displacing bone, and second, to address regulatory challenges ahead. The company also provided support for Dr. Reiley to perform all initial biomechanical investigations of the balloon tamp, along with neuroradiologists that were already familiar with vertebroplasty.