Bone tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms with distinct epidemiological, pathological, radiological, and molecular characteristics. This chapter provides an updated and comprehensive overview of primary bone tumors, covering their classification, diagnostic approaches, and clinical implications. The epidemiology of bone tumors is discussed, emphasizing their rarity and age-specific incidence patterns. This revision in particular, provides an updated molecular genetic profile alongside the histopathological classification of primary bone tumors. Molecular pathology now plays a crucial role in classifying and diagnosing bone tumors, with advancements in cytogenetics and molecular diagnostics enhancing traditional histopathology. While morphological assessment remains key to the histological diagnosis of bone tumors, these innovations help distinguish morphologically similar entities and aid in prognosis. Finally, the chapter underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing and managing bone tumors, integrating histopathological evaluation with clinical and radiological findings for optimal patient outcomes.