Tin-based perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to lead-based materials for next-generation solar cells due to their lower bandgap, high carrier mobility, and reduced environmental impact. This chapter reviews the development of fully vapor-deposited tin-based perovskites, focusing on their optoelectronic properties, passivation strategies, and degradation mechanisms. It explores the advantages of thermal evaporation, including superior film uniformity and solvent-free processing, while addressing challenges such as lower efficiency and process complexity. Recent advancements in vapor-phase deposition for tin and tin-lead perovskites are discussed, along with future perspectives on improving stability, scalability, and industrial feasibility.

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Vapor Deposition of Lead-Free Perovskites: Challenges and Opportunities

  • Xin Yu Chin,
  • Edoardo Albanesi,
  • Annalisa Bruno

摘要

Tin-based perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to lead-based materials for next-generation solar cells due to their lower bandgap, high carrier mobility, and reduced environmental impact. This chapter reviews the development of fully vapor-deposited tin-based perovskites, focusing on their optoelectronic properties, passivation strategies, and degradation mechanisms. It explores the advantages of thermal evaporation, including superior film uniformity and solvent-free processing, while addressing challenges such as lower efficiency and process complexity. Recent advancements in vapor-phase deposition for tin and tin-lead perovskites are discussed, along with future perspectives on improving stability, scalability, and industrial feasibility.