This chapter examines how the European Union (EU) manages its economic and legal response to global challenges, with a particular focus on Open Strategic Autonomy (OSA). As geopolitical tensions rise and global supply chains are tested, the EU has introduced measures to safeguard its strategic interests while maintaining market access. The study looks at the legal tools the EU employs, such as export controls, the Digital Markets Act, and the Critical Raw Materials Act, to protect critical sectors from external pressures. The chapter compares the EU’s approach with that of the United States and China, demonstrating how the EU’s strategy differs in its emphasis on legal safeguards and cooperative measures. By focusing on the practical application of these tools, the chapter outlines how the EU ensures its economic security while fostering international partnerships. It argues that OSA is not about retreating from global markets but securing the EU’s independence in essential sectors.