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The intricacy of RNA modifications has emerged as a focal topic of cancer research, accounting for the multifaceted roles of epitranscriptomic modifications in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses. In particular, dysregulated RNA modifications, exemplified by aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), have been closely linked to oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance across various cancer types. Thus, the use of certain RNA modification profiles as diagnostic biomarkers holds promise for precision medicine interventions. Moreover, targeting enzymes responsible for RNA modification dynamics has emerged as a new cancer therapeutic strategy. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of RNA modifications, including m6A and m5C, and pseudouridine (Ψ), highlighting their functional implications, diagnostic potentials, and therapeutic significance within the context of cancer. Through a detailed examination of recent studies, the review describes the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of diverse RNA modifications and their contributions to altered gene expression, splicing pattern, and translation efficiency. Lastly, the chapter describes the transformative potential of RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics in reshaping cancer research and treatment modalities.

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From Modification Maps to Clinical Impact: RNA Epigenetics in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2024年

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  • Osama Sweef,
  • Malek Asfar,
  • Eun-Seok Choi,
  • Yalitza Lopez Corcino,
  • Venetia D. Thomas,
  • Ali Albowaidy,
  • Saori Furuta

摘要

The intricacy of RNA modifications has emerged as a focal topic of cancer research, accounting for the multifaceted roles of epitranscriptomic modifications in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses. In particular, dysregulated RNA modifications, exemplified by aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), have been closely linked to oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance across various cancer types. Thus, the use of certain RNA modification profiles as diagnostic biomarkers holds promise for precision medicine interventions. Moreover, targeting enzymes responsible for RNA modification dynamics has emerged as a new cancer therapeutic strategy. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of RNA modifications, including m6A and m5C, and pseudouridine (Ψ), highlighting their functional implications, diagnostic potentials, and therapeutic significance within the context of cancer. Through a detailed examination of recent studies, the review describes the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of diverse RNA modifications and their contributions to altered gene expression, splicing pattern, and translation efficiency. Lastly, the chapter describes the transformative potential of RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics in reshaping cancer research and treatment modalities.