Cancer is regarded as a serious issue affecting the health of entire societies. It is defined as a disease in which certain body cells begin to uncontrollably divide, grow, and spread to other body parts. This process necessitates an increased supply of energy in the form of ATP, along with an elevated amount of cofactors such as NADH and NADPH, as well as the building blocks of molecules. Mitochondria are widely recognized as the cell’s powerhouse; they serve as biosynthetic as well as signaling organelles that are part of stress perception and enable cellular adaptation to the environment. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming plays a fundamental role in the initiation and maintenance of tumors and has thus been proposed as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Recent research highlights mitochondria as a crucial target for cancer therapy, underscoring the importance of understanding and targeting mitochondrial function in developing new cancer treatments. The function of mitochondria plays a crucial role in the development and pathology of various cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to physiological imbalances and metabolic alteration in the cell, contributing to cancer progression. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial function in cancer is essential for further developing strategies to treat this disease and to create new anticancer drugs. Focusing on mitochondrial metabolism, understanding the importance and function of the electron transport chain, as well as redox signaling pathways and, of course, ROS homeostasis, has become the primary focus of researchers.