Cancer remains one of the most challenging problems in modern medicine. Over the years, significant progress has been made in understanding cancer biology and developing innovative treatments. Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field that has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. Nanomaterials are tiny particles that can be used to deliver drugs, genes, or other therapeutic agents to cancer cells with high specificity and efficiency. Medicinal plants have been revered for their healing properties for centuries in various cultures worldwide. They have been used for centuries to treat various diseases, including cancer. They have also formed the basis of many modern medicines. Plant-derived nanomaterials have the potential to combine the benefits of both nanotechnology and traditional medicine. Their application offers many unique advantages. These nanomaterials can be loaded with plant extracts or other natural compounds with anticancer properties. Their nanoscale size allows for efficient drug delivery, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved targeting of cancer cells. In addition, their biocompatibility and reduced toxicity make them very suitable for clinical applications. There is a growing body of research on the application of medicinal plant–based nanomaterials in cancer therapy. These studies have shown that these nanomaterials can be effective in killing cancer cells, preventing cancer growth, and increasing the effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments. Although the use of medicinal plant–based nanomaterials in cancer therapy is still in its early stages, it is a promising area of research. This chapter explores the emerging field of “applications of medicinal plant–based nanomaterials in cancer treatment” and sheds light on the remarkable potential of these nanosystems.