Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Care: Cutting-Edge Breakthroughs and Future Frontiers in Precision Medicine

This chapter aims to provide current research and future perspectives on treatment strategies for breast cancer. New technologies that are being developed and used include targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies target specific checkpoints in cell growth and metabolism. These include hormone receptor–targeted therapies, HER2-targeted therapies, cell cycle–targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncolytic viruses and cancer vaccines are still under development. New technologies that are paving their way in the treatment of breast cancer include nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing. Nanotechnology is proving beneficial by improving drug delivery and targeting specific tumour sites, thus providing precision control. Artificial intelligence has allowed us to make more accurate predictions based on the data provided, significantly improving decision systems by reducing false positives and false negatives. CRISPR gene editing allows altering the genome of the cancer cells or immune cells, thus preventing their proliferation. Along with these, personalized treatments and modern bioinformatics are also making their way into the treatment of this disease. Although curing this disease has seen significant breakthroughs in the last 30 years and the areas discussed are still in their infancy, further research is necessary to reduce the burden of this malignancy in the female population, especially triple-negative type of breast cancer.