Immunotherapy for Ocular Malignancies

Ocular cancers are a category of malignancies with different cancers related to the eye. Even though the prevalence of these cancers is low, they can spread, lead to vision loss, or even be life-threatening if not properly diagnosed and treated. Different therapeutic options, including surgery and chemotherapy, are available for patients with ocular malignancies. However, their side effects are considerable. Moreover, chemoresistant malignancies are often associated with a poor prognosis. These challenges indicate the need for further attempts to find more suitable treatments with less toxicity and adverse events. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment that, in contrast to conventional therapeutic options like radiation and chemotherapy, modifies the immune system to attack cancer cells. Immunotherapeutic agents have changed many patients’ lives, including subjects with ocular malignancies. This chapter provides current findings regarding the application of different immunotherapeutic methods in cancers related to the eyes, including uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, conjunctival malignancies, periocular malignancies, and lacrimal gland malignancies.