There is a potential link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cancer. This chapter draws on several studies that have investigated the risk of cancer in individuals with ASD. some studies found an overall increased risk of any cancer among individuals with ASD compared to those without ASD. The association for any cancer was primarily noted for narrowly defined autistic disorder and ASD with comorbid birth defects or both birth defects and intellectual disability. Also, it is suggested that the increased cancer risk among individuals with ASD is likely mainly attributable to co-occurring intellectual disability or birth defects. We also highlight the challenges faced by individuals with ASD who are diagnosed with cancer, as well as the challenges faced by oncology teams in treating these patients. Professionals treating cancer are often not familiar with the symptoms and challenges that may be present when treating someone on the autism spectrum. We try to provide strategies for healthcare providers to improve their understanding of the challenges faced by patients with ASD and to identify concrete strategies to address these challenges. Overall, this chapter provides important insights into the risk of cancer in individuals with ASD and the challenges faced by these patients and their healthcare providers.