Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspective

Among the breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is recognized as most aggressive with poor prognosis and survival. Due to the lack of suitable markers, targeted therapy for TNBC is challenging. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection are the existing treatment options for TNBC. Chemotherapy is sensitive to TNBC; however, development of resistance mechanisms and recurrence remain the major reasons of treatment failure in patient with TNBC. Recent advances with combination therapy approaches using chemotherapy, mAbs and ADC drugs, and siRNA-based nanoparticles-mediated gene therapy strategies are promising for TNBC therapy with enhanced prognosis and improved survival. Translation of these therapy approaches from preclinical to clinical settings is the new hope for TNBC patients.