The chapter maps the evolution of the export controls in Asia in times of intensified geopolitical and geoeconomic competition and ongoing armed conflicts, which led to proliferation of various protectionist and punitive trade restrictions including export controls. It traces the role of the Asian jurisdictions in the multilateral non-proliferation regimes, which employ export controls as means of containing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction including nuclear, chemical, and biological. The chapter highlights a number of reasons that conditioned reluctance on the part of Asian jurisdictions to join multilateral export control groups and pro-actively develop national strategic trade controls. These include the balancing between security enhancing and trade restricting effects of export controls, as well as lack of technical resources to implement robust strategic trade controls. The role of regional organizations in addressing non-proliferation and other security-related issues is examined on the example of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). While providing a forum for addressing emerging security concerns and allowing for certain coordination and regulatory harmonization, ASEAN members have not identified strong common incentives that would allow for harmonization of the national strategic trade controls. Finally, the chapter discusses the emerging examples of strategic uses of export controls employed by selected Asian jurisdictions for purposes other than non-proliferation, including support of industrial policies and restructuring of global value chains.