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The Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is essential for solid Earth research, including geodesy and geodynamics, providing a unified spatiotemporal datum. With the expansion of global GNSS infrastructure and data, significant progress has been made in refining TRF, as well as models of crustal plate motion and tectonic deformation. This study enhances the global GNSS velocity field and plate motion model through three-decade GNSS observation and nonlinear TRF refinement. It also maintains and updates the global BeiDou reference frame, and investigates the influence of different solar pressure models on geocentric motion parameters. Key contributions of this research include: (1) The Integrated and Improved Time Series Analysis (IITSA) model, achieving horizontal fitting precision of 3 mm and vertical precision of 6 mm for three-decade GNSS time series; (2) The Global GNSS Velocity Model 2020 (GGVM2020), with RMS of 0.12, 0.11, and 0.26 mm/year in the North, East, and Up directions, providing new insights into the crustal movements of Antarctica and North America; (3) The Global Interpolation Velocity Model 2020 (GIVM2020), offering a global horizontal velocity grid (3° × 3°) with interpolation accuracy better than 3 mm/year, enabling velocity estimation for any site globally; (4) The Global Plate Motion Model 2020 (GPMM2020), which improves the accuracy of Euler motion parameters for the 14 major tectonic plates, achieving precision better than 3 mm/year; (5) The BDS Terrestrial Reference Frame 2023 (CTRF2023), constructed and validated using BDS-3 technology, demonstrates a translational difference of less than 5 mm compared to International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020). The systematic deviation of the velocity field is maintained below 0.5 mm/year, with negligible rotation and scale changes between the frames; (6) The ECOM2 Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) model exhibits superior performance in BDS-3 geocentric motion estimation, significantly reducing orbit errors and effectively suppressing the 3-cpy period error in the Z direction to 22.2 mm. In conclusion, the study’s results, including the global GNSS velocity field and plate motion model, enhance the reliability and application of terrestrial reference frame products.

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Advancements in Global Terrestrial Reference Frame: A Comprehensive Analysis of GNSS Velocity Fields, Plate Motion Models, Geocentric Motion and CTRF2023

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Hu Wang,
  • Jing Jiao,
  • Yingying Ren,
  • Lina He,
  • Xinlin Wang,
  • Wei Wang

摘要

The Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is essential for solid Earth research, including geodesy and geodynamics, providing a unified spatiotemporal datum. With the expansion of global GNSS infrastructure and data, significant progress has been made in refining TRF, as well as models of crustal plate motion and tectonic deformation. This study enhances the global GNSS velocity field and plate motion model through three-decade GNSS observation and nonlinear TRF refinement. It also maintains and updates the global BeiDou reference frame, and investigates the influence of different solar pressure models on geocentric motion parameters. Key contributions of this research include: (1) The Integrated and Improved Time Series Analysis (IITSA) model, achieving horizontal fitting precision of 3 mm and vertical precision of 6 mm for three-decade GNSS time series; (2) The Global GNSS Velocity Model 2020 (GGVM2020), with RMS of 0.12, 0.11, and 0.26 mm/year in the North, East, and Up directions, providing new insights into the crustal movements of Antarctica and North America; (3) The Global Interpolation Velocity Model 2020 (GIVM2020), offering a global horizontal velocity grid (3° × 3°) with interpolation accuracy better than 3 mm/year, enabling velocity estimation for any site globally; (4) The Global Plate Motion Model 2020 (GPMM2020), which improves the accuracy of Euler motion parameters for the 14 major tectonic plates, achieving precision better than 3 mm/year; (5) The BDS Terrestrial Reference Frame 2023 (CTRF2023), constructed and validated using BDS-3 technology, demonstrates a translational difference of less than 5 mm compared to International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020). The systematic deviation of the velocity field is maintained below 0.5 mm/year, with negligible rotation and scale changes between the frames; (6) The ECOM2 Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) model exhibits superior performance in BDS-3 geocentric motion estimation, significantly reducing orbit errors and effectively suppressing the 3-cpy period error in the Z direction to 22.2 mm. In conclusion, the study’s results, including the global GNSS velocity field and plate motion model, enhance the reliability and application of terrestrial reference frame products.