Chitosan is a biodegradable linear polymer with randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is a prominent cationic natural polymer and is prepared by performing alkaline deacetylation on chitin, which is sourced from shrimp shells and other crustaceans. The net cationicity and presence of multiple reactive functional groups such as primary amine, and a primary and secondary hydroxyl group in its monomeric structure make chitosan a promising biomolecule. As a biopolymer, it has a multitude of potential applications and it can be enhanced by modification of its various properties. It is an excellent biopolymer having remarkable characteristics, making it suitable for applications in drug delivery, wound healing, antibacterial, hemostatic agents, food industry, agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, dentistry, ophthalmology, biomedicine, and bio-imaging techniques. This chapter examines the versatility of chitosan as a biomaterial exploring its traits, characteristics, properties, various applications, and wide range of uses.