This contributed volume focuses on different types of conservation in the natural habitat, gene banks, fields, on-farm conservation, ex-situ conservation, and all the other different methods of conservation. It has a larger broader spectrum of analysis and vision. Chapters illustrates every strategy for the conservation of genetic resources and covers the different methods of characterization and evaluation used in the gene bank. It focuses on the use of augmenting traditional and new approaches, toward the improvement and development of gene banks, under an increasingly limiting environment, loss of arable lands, genetic erosion, and cultivation factors, to achieve sustainable agricultural production. The book presents principles, and concepts of genetic asset preservation and genetic diversity utilization including the exchange of germplasm with minimal restrictions and terms and conditions. Chapters comprehensively review contemporary literature on the subject and reflect the experiences of the authors. Each chapter begins with an introduction covering related backgrounds and provides an in-depth discussion of the subject supported with high-quality color illustrations and relevant data. Chapters conclude with recommendations for future research directions, a comprehensive list of pertinent references and appendixes of plant genetic resources. Chapters are authored by renowned scientists from around the world and go through a rigorous review process to ensure quality presentation and scientific accuracy. This book compiles current information in the crucial fields of gene bank characterization and evaluation, as well as genetic resource conservation. It is a crucial resource for experts, researchers, policymakers, seed companies and business entrepreneurs interested in plant genetic resource conservation, characterization, evaluation and breeding to improve agricultural productivity and the sustainability of food resources to maintain food security. In addition to seed companies, the book is a good resource for undergraduate and graduate agricultural, biotechnology, and plant breeding students.