Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous

Among the main vitreoretinal pathologies includes diabetic retinopathy that can lead to diabetic macular edema (DME), which is the main cause of blindness in developed countries between 20-60 years, working age, with a US prevalence of 3.8%, or about 746,000 individuals over 40 years of age. Higher glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels (> 7%) and disease duration are also associated with an increased risk of DME.

Another pathology that has a very high epidemiological importance is age macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old. Genetic, epidemiological, and molecular studies are beginning to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying this complex disease, which implicate the lipid-cholesterol pathway in the pathophysiology of disease development and progression. Many of the genetic and environmental risks associated with AMD are also associated with other complex degenerative diseases of advanced age, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). AMD is a progressive blinding disease with no cure at present. In its most advanced stages, it deprives an individual of his or her ability to perform basic activities such as reading, recognizing faces, and driving. Approximately 11 million individuals are affected with AMD in the United States (U.S.) alone, with a global prevalence of 196 million.

This didactic book provides a complete and updated review on the main vitreoretinal pathologies and their propaedeutic and therapeutic approaches, both clinical and surgical. Developed by the Brazilian Society of Retina and Vitreous and written by leading experts, the book intends to cover the entire spectrum of retinology: Basic Science and Propaedeutic, Retinal Vascular Disease, Medical Retina (Degenerative, Autoimmune, Toxic, Inflammatory and Infectious), Surgical Retina (Laser and Vitreoretinal Surgery), Choroid and Retinal Tumors with a focus on epidemiology, multimodal diagnosis, clinical treatment and /or surgical care, and future gene therapies. The reader will be updated with a current and multimodal propaedeutic, based on the latest scientific evidence.

Additionally, this title features surgical videos and over 350 high quality figures, providing a broad view of vitreoretinal pathologies to the reader, which is fundamental for good medical practice within the specialty.

Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous – Clinical & Surgical Practice and Innovations will be an invaluable resource for ophthalmology residents, retina fellows as well as senior retina specialists.

*Peer review feedback was shared with the VE’s and they demonstrated how this book is unique and agreed to change the subsections logical organization (this is already updated here).