Research suggests autistic children learn and generalize visual family-resemblance categories atypically (e.g., Church, et al., 2010, 2015), particularly when learning incidentally from exposure. This may reflect differences in perceptual learning (Mercado et al., 2020). However, it is unknown whether perceptual discrimination learning is also atypical and if differences extend to other modalities. To address this, autistic children with normal language abilities and IQ and typically developing (TD) matched comparison children completed auditory and visual discrimination tasks, after either incidental exposure to or direct training with stimuli presented in either progressive (easy-to-hard) or random orders of difficulty. In the visual task, both autistic and TD children only performed well after progressive training, suggesting limited perceptual learning from incidental visual exposure. In the auditory task, autistic children showed a progressive learning advantage after both exposure and training, but TD children only showed this advantage after training. They also had significantly better auditory discrimination than TD children after progressive training. These findings suggest typical visual discrimination learning after progressive training and enhanced auditory discrimination learning after progressive training and exposure. This enhanced auditory perceptual learning may help explain why these autistic children are socially impaired while retaining the capacity to learn language.
