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<p>The watercolor illusion (WCI), a color-spreading illusion induced by contrasting outer and inner borders, results in a perception of a pale illusory diffusion of a hue similar to the lighter border. This illusion is a strong figural cue similar to, and often stronger than, other Gestalt cues for figure-ground organization. In our present study, we examined the effect of the WCI on figure-ground assignment for regions with matched and non-matched luminance contrast. The goal was to examine the ability of the WCI to bias figure-ground assignment when luminance varies between regions of an image. Images consisted of a square divided into two parts by a vertical wavy contour. Each of these images had no WCI, WCI left, and WCI right conditions. Participants reported whether a probed region (either left or right) appeared to be the figure. Results showed a strong effect of the WCI when luminance was matched as white (Experiment <InternalRef RefID="Sec6">1</InternalRef>) or gray (Experiment <InternalRef RefID="Sec12">3</InternalRef>), demonstrating the WCI acts as a strong figural cue and is able to bias reversible stimuli. However, the WCI failed to bias figure-ground with contrasting luminance regions (Experiment <InternalRef RefID="Sec9">2</InternalRef>). This study is the first to demonstrate how the WCI interacts with contrasting luminance regions in reversible figure-ground stimuli. These results enhance our understanding of color-spreading mechanisms and how they interact with luminance, contrast, and perceptual organization.</p>

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Impact of the watercolor illusion and contrast on figure-ground reversibility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • Ralph G. Hale,
  • Benjamin A. McDunn,
  • Tanner L. Lumpkin,
  • Hannah H. Hyman,
  • Patsy E. Folds,
  • Courtney G. Nutt

摘要

The watercolor illusion (WCI), a color-spreading illusion induced by contrasting outer and inner borders, results in a perception of a pale illusory diffusion of a hue similar to the lighter border. This illusion is a strong figural cue similar to, and often stronger than, other Gestalt cues for figure-ground organization. In our present study, we examined the effect of the WCI on figure-ground assignment for regions with matched and non-matched luminance contrast. The goal was to examine the ability of the WCI to bias figure-ground assignment when luminance varies between regions of an image. Images consisted of a square divided into two parts by a vertical wavy contour. Each of these images had no WCI, WCI left, and WCI right conditions. Participants reported whether a probed region (either left or right) appeared to be the figure. Results showed a strong effect of the WCI when luminance was matched as white (Experiment 1) or gray (Experiment 3), demonstrating the WCI acts as a strong figural cue and is able to bias reversible stimuli. However, the WCI failed to bias figure-ground with contrasting luminance regions (Experiment 2). This study is the first to demonstrate how the WCI interacts with contrasting luminance regions in reversible figure-ground stimuli. These results enhance our understanding of color-spreading mechanisms and how they interact with luminance, contrast, and perceptual organization.