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<p>Black-capped chickadees (<i>Poecile atricapillus</i>) are a species of nonmigratory, North American songbird that produce their namesake <i>chick-a-dee</i> call in a wide range of social contexts, including mobbing in the presence of predators. Chickadees produce more D notes per call in response to high-threat predators. Although many studies have examined responses to avian predators, few studies have examined the use of <i>chick-a-dee</i> mobbing calls in response to mammalian predators. Here, wild black-capped chickadees were exposed to avian (sharp-shinned hawk, red-tailed hawk, northern flicker) and mammalian (domestic cat, short-tailed weasel, American red squirrel, woodchuck) mounts of various threat levels, conducted in the field. We investigated production of <i>chick-a-dee</i> calls, number of D notes per call, and feeding in response to predators of varying threat levels. We found that: (1) <i>chick-a-dee</i> call production was&#xa0;significantly larger in response to a high-threat avian predator (sharp-shinned hawk) compared with high-threat mammalian predator (domestic cat); (2) <i>chick-a-dee</i> call D note production did not differ in response to the sharp-shinned hawk compared with the domestic cat mount; but (3) feeding was reduced to the sharp-shinned hawk compared with the domestic cat mount. These findings provide further insight into antipredator responses of black-capped chickadees to both avian and mammalian predators.</p>

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Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) behavioural responses to avian and mammalian predator mounts of varying threat levels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Jenna V. Congdon,
  • Alyshia M. M. Skurdal,
  • Kimberley A. Campbell,
  • Allison H. Hahn,
  • Christopher B. Sturdy

摘要

Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are a species of nonmigratory, North American songbird that produce their namesake chick-a-dee call in a wide range of social contexts, including mobbing in the presence of predators. Chickadees produce more D notes per call in response to high-threat predators. Although many studies have examined responses to avian predators, few studies have examined the use of chick-a-dee mobbing calls in response to mammalian predators. Here, wild black-capped chickadees were exposed to avian (sharp-shinned hawk, red-tailed hawk, northern flicker) and mammalian (domestic cat, short-tailed weasel, American red squirrel, woodchuck) mounts of various threat levels, conducted in the field. We investigated production of chick-a-dee calls, number of D notes per call, and feeding in response to predators of varying threat levels. We found that: (1) chick-a-dee call production was significantly larger in response to a high-threat avian predator (sharp-shinned hawk) compared with high-threat mammalian predator (domestic cat); (2) chick-a-dee call D note production did not differ in response to the sharp-shinned hawk compared with the domestic cat mount; but (3) feeding was reduced to the sharp-shinned hawk compared with the domestic cat mount. These findings provide further insight into antipredator responses of black-capped chickadees to both avian and mammalian predators.