What evidence can validate a dog training method?

In a recent study, Johnson and Wynne found that dogs classically conditioned to associate electric shocks with chasing a fast-moving mechanical lure inhibited chasing behaviour at test, while dogs conditioned with food rewards did not learn any operant behaviours to substitute chasing and therefore continued to interact with the lure. Here, we raise questions about the suitability of the training protocols and challenge the conclusion that shock collars impose minimal welfare impacts.