Dry Machining of Machine Parts: Surface Plastic Deformation

The use of working fluids as coolant and lubricant in machining—including surface plastic deformation—often has adverse effects on the economy, the environment, and human health. The goal of the present work is to determine the optimal machining strategy and conditions, so as to decrease the pollution, energy consumption, and health hazards associated with working fluids and emulsions. Comprehensive analysis of the literature regarding improvements in the environmental impact and efficiency of machining, including surface plastic deformation, informs efforts to balance improvements in machining with decrease in the associated pollution. The areas of interest are dry machining; minimum quantity lubrication (or minimal lubrication and cooling); cryogenic cooling; high-pressure coolant supply; and biodegradable vegetable oils. The proposed approach to environmentally sustainable and clean production includes minimal use of coolant and lubricant; and the selection of appropriate cutting tools and machining conditions. That lowers the total cost, the cutting force, the energy consumption, and the temperature; and also improves the surface quality (texture), minimizes the amount of material removed, and extends tool life. Factors affecting the health of the operator, the atmosphere, and chip removal from the machining zone are also considered.