Abstract <p>The article considers arguments supporting and disproving the possibility of a solid-state approach to the analysis of the properties of RNA and other nucleic acids. Substantiations are given for the rationality of parallel indication of the electrophysical and phase properties of nucleic acids and their components taking into account the effects and mechanisms of action of the components of the medium. The dependence of such effects on the ionic composition of the medium and the degree of hydration of the sample is indicated. Methods are proposed for studying the dependence of the electrophysical properties of dehydrated solid-state RNA samples on the ionic composition of the medium, in particular, on the nature of the counterion. The set of methods used includes the direct visualization of charging of the surface of samples using the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope and oscillography of charge wave propagation, measurements of proton magnetic relaxation to estimate the spin–spin relaxation times and the fraction of protons with different degrees of mobility, analysis of the phase state of crystalline RNA and its salts by thermogravimetry, and analysis of the dispersion of the permittivity of crystalline RNA and its salts up to the ultrahigh-frequency range. Thus, for the tasks of creating bioelectronics/biomolecular electronics based on solid-state RNA, the following is experimentally proven: (a) the possibility of conducting an electrophysical signal on the surface of RNA granules, (b) the presence of a micro/nanostructure capable of conducting an electrophysical RNA signal, and (c) the dependence of signal conduction on the ionic composition of the medium and the degree of hydration of the sample. For solid-state RNA and its salt, the charging under the electron beam, the mobility of protons, and the frequency dependence (dispersion) of the permittivity in the radio frequency range (up to microwave frequencies) differ significantly.</p>