Abstract The national inventory of anthropogenic emissions from different sources and absorption of greenhouse gases by sinks is a form of annual reporting by the Russian Federation within the framework of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. International methodologies for compilation of national inventories stipulate development of refined computational methodologies and emission factors for key categories of emissions and absorption. In 2023–2024, a series of research works was carried out to refine estimates of greenhouse gas emissions by the sectors of energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), and waste. The factors of CO2 emission from liquid fuel combustion, fugitive CO2 and CH4 emissions from oil and gas extraction and transport, and CO2 emissions from chemical industry were refined, as well as parameters of CH4 emission from enteric fermentation of cattle, CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management systems, regional climatic characteristics and waste composition for estimating CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal sites. In forestry, characteristics of forests were refined, including growing stock and increment, the area of forest loss due to fires, the area of managed forests, and volumes of harvested timber. Areas of drained organic soils were specified for arable and pasture lands. National coefficients were developed to estimate changes in carbon stocks in harvested wood product. As a result, the estimated anthropogenic net greenhouse gas emissions in Russia for 2021 decreased from 1.7 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 109 to 1.1 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 109 t CO2-eq. Anthropogenic net emissions in 2022 were estimated to be 0.8 <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 109 t CO2-eq. The reduction as compared to the base year 1990 were 69% instead of previously estimated 46%. A specialized software was developed to automate inventory estimates.

Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Russia

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发表日期：

2025年9月1日

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A. A. Romanovskaya,
V. A. Ginzburg,
A. A. Gladilshchikova,
V. N. Korotkov,
I. V. Babikov,
E. Yu. Bakurova,
V. Yu. Vertyankina,
I. L. Govor,
S. M. Zainulin,
M. S. Zelenova,
E. V. Imshennik,
E. N. Kozlova,
V. M. Lytov,
A. I. Nakhutin,
A. E. Pozhidaeva,
E. A. Pozdnyakova,
P. D. Polumieva,
N. V. Popov,
D. M. Samokhvalov,
D. D. Sorokina,
A. A. Trunov,
I. S. Shepeleva

摘要

Abstract

The national inventory of anthropogenic emissions from different sources and absorption of greenhouse gases by sinks is a form of annual reporting by the Russian Federation within the framework of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. International methodologies for compilation of national inventories stipulate development of refined computational methodologies and emission factors for key categories of emissions and absorption. In 2023–2024, a series of research works was carried out to refine estimates of greenhouse gas emissions by the sectors of energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), and waste. The factors of CO₂ emission from liquid fuel combustion, fugitive CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from oil and gas extraction and transport, and CO₂ emissions from chemical industry were refined, as well as parameters of CH₄ emission from enteric fermentation of cattle, CH₄ and N₂O emissions from manure management systems, regional climatic characteristics and waste composition for estimating CH₄ emissions from solid waste disposal sites. In forestry, characteristics of forests were refined, including growing stock and increment, the area of forest loss due to fires, the area of managed forests, and volumes of harvested timber. Areas of drained organic soils were specified for arable and pasture lands. National coefficients were developed to estimate changes in carbon stocks in harvested wood product. As a result, the estimated anthropogenic net greenhouse gas emissions in Russia for 2021 decreased from 1.7 \(\times\) 10⁹ to 1.1 \(\times\) 10⁹ t CO₂-eq. Anthropogenic net emissions in 2022 were estimated to be 0.8 \(\times\) 10⁹ t CO₂-eq. The reduction as compared to the base year 1990 were 69% instead of previously estimated 46%. A specialized software was developed to automate inventory estimates.