On Generation of Mountain Waves Dangerous for Aviation and Opportunity of Its Prediction

A brief review on mountain waves affecting an aircraft flight is presented. The generation conditions of mountain waves and probable consequences of an aircraft encountering them are described. The results of in situ measurements of mountain wave characteristics are given. The results of numerical experiments related to the generation and evolution of mountain waves taking into account the flow characteristics and boundary layer features are discussed. The capabilities of numerical weather prediction models in simulating mountain waves and orographic turbulence are shown.