Improving the Harmonic Composition of the Magnetic Field in Three-Phase Electric Motors with Fractional Tooth Windings by Combining Star and Delta Circuits
摘要
Multipole electric motors incorporate a fractional tooth armature winding with a discrete distribution throughout the slots, which leads to the appearance of minor low and high spatial harmonics of the magnetic field with significant amplitudes causing a high level of differential scattering, electromagnetic torque pulsation, dips in the mechanical characteristic, and increasing additional losses, as well as electromagnetic noise and vibration levels. Thus, to improve the harmonic composition of the magnetic field of such windings and to provide a decrease in the amplitudes of minor harmonics is relevant. In studies, a three-phase six-zone fractional tooth winding has been replaced by a three-phase combined 12-zone winding consisting of two three-phase fractional tooth windings, one of which has a star connection, whereas the other is delta-connected. The efficiency of the windings assessed based on changes in the harmonic amplitudes, differential scattering coefficients, and field-distribution nonsinusoidality. The magnetic field was simulated using the finite-element method. A structure of a three-phase symmetrical combined fractional tooth winding has been developed, and the examples of windings are presented. The parameters of magnetomotive force diagrams are calculated, and the magnetomotive-force and induction distribution has been obtained together with harmonic amplitudes, differential scattering coefficients, and nonsinusoidality of field distribution. For combined star and delta circuits in three-phase fractional tooth windings, the fundamental harmonic magnetomotive-force amplitude exhibits a 3.38% increase, with the armature magnetic-field induction having a 4.69% increase and the resulting magnetic-field induction under load increasing by 1.3% compared with the uncombined winding. The differential scattering coefficient of the combined winding exhibits a 25.8% decrease in contrast to such a coefficient for an uncombined winding. The harmonic distortion coefficients are lower. The armature magnetomotive force is 8.0% lower, the armature magnetic-field induction is 8.49% lower, the resulting magnetic-field induction under load is 3.29% lower, and the winding coefficient of the combined fractional tooth winding is 3.5% higher than for an uncombined winding. Thus, the combination of the star and delta circuits in a fractional tooth winding, fulfillment of the conditions for its implementation and the proposed winding structure makes it possible to provide a decrease in the amplitudes of minor harmonics of the magnetic field, to improve its harmonic composition, and to bring the field shape closer to sinusoidal, as well as providing a decrease in the coefficients of differential scattering and the harmonic distortions of the magnetomotive force and magnetic-field induction in three-phase multipole electric motors. All this makes it possible to reduce additional losses in the motor, as well as noise and vibration levels. The winding coefficient of the combined fractional tooth winding increased by 3.5% improves the efficiency of electric motors with windings of such a type.