Abstract <p>This study aimed to assess the sequestration of CO₂ by agricultural crops and the input of organic biomass into the soil, with the intent of incorporating these crops into crop rotations that promote carbon deposition. The experimental subjects included spring wheat, corn, and industrial hemp. Researchers conducted the study in 2023–2024 under controlled phytotron conditions. Vegetation trials were performed in containers with a volume of 0.11 m³ and a surface area of 0.28 m². The soil used in the experiment originated from a Carbon Polygon located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The soil type was leached chernozem with a heavy loam texture. To simulate daylight, the team used supplementary lighting for 14 to 18 h/day with phyto-projectors equipped with red–blue spectrum LEDs, emitting bright violet light in the wavelength range of 450 to 660 nm and a luminous flux of 4500 lm. Researchers measured carbon dioxide emissions using the closed-chamber method, which determines the CO₂ release rate from the soil and records it with a carbon dioxide detector. CO₂ uptake by the crops varied across developmental stages. The strongest uptake occurred in the corn (563 ppm) and industrial hemp (250 ppm) variants. Corn retained CO₂ at a rate of 9.38 ppm/min; industrial hemp, 4.16 ppm/min; and spring wheat, 1.35 ppm/min. In containers without crops, CO₂ emissions reached 800 ppm. At night, the CO₂ concentration in the corn isolation chamber increased to 2215 ppm, while during the day, under artificial lighting, the concentration decreased. The crops differed in their contribution of organic biomass to the soil. In descending order of biomass input, the ranking was industrial hemp &gt; spring wheat &gt; corn.</p>