Genetic Polymorphism of Soybean Varieties Bred by All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops

The research was conducted to study genetic intervarietal and intravarietal polymorphism for identification and certification of soybeans using microsatellite markers. Genotyping of ten soybean varieties—Lira, Barguzin, Sayana, Lyubava, Rys, Slavia, Irbis, Triada, Vita, and Chara—bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops was performed using 13 microsatellite markers; 47 plants of each variety were analyzed. The presence of intravarietal polymorphism was revealed in all varieties. The proportion of polymorphic loci varied from 7.69% in Lira to 92.31% in Chara. The average number of detected and effective alleles for all varieties was 1.68 and 1.12, respectively, the observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.006 and 0.076, and the Shannon information index was 0.14. The studied soybean varieties turned out to be populations consisting of several biotypes with different frequencies of occurrence. Genotyping by 13 microsatellite markers made it possible to distinguish eight of ten analyzed soybean varieties. Two varieties that did not differ from each other and originated from the same hybrid combination (Barguzin and Sayana) had two biotypes each. Each biotype of one variety had a similar allelic composition to the biotype of the other at 13 and 12 microsatellite loci, respectively. As a result of discriminant analysis of the principal components of alleles of microsatellite loci, 470 soybean plants were distributed into nine clusters. Most of the plants were combined into unique clusters corresponding to their varieties despite the presence of intravarietal polymorphism. Isolation of different biotypes from existing varieties using DNA markers and their subsequent evaluation can be the beginning of breeding work to create new soybean varieties.