Milky Latex from Wildly Growing Euphorbia hirta with Diverse Anti-oxidant, Anti-diabetic and Anti-bacterial Activities: Chemical Profiling and in vitro Studies

The widely spread and historically utilized herbal plants include Euphorbia spp. because of their variety of biological functions. This study set out to evaluate the biological activity of milky latex derived from Euphorbia hirta and to chemically profile it. Using conventional tests, phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolics, and condensed tannins were quantified. GC-FID analyses were performed to identify the presence of several bioactive substances. UV, FT-IR, and fluorescence spectroscopic fingerprint analysis was also carried out. Using a variety of tests, the antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties of the extracts were assessed. Analyzing fingerprints with UV, FT-IR, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that latex had an appropriate amount of polyphenolics. GC-FID examination of latex extracts revealed the existence of bioactive substances such as y-Sitosterol (20%) and significant 2,2'-Bioxirane (36%). A sufficient degree of antioxidant activities, such as nitric oxide radical scavenging, iron chelating, and iron reduction, were demonstrated by latex. Sufficient anti-bacterial and anti-diabetic properties were also noted. The findings indicated that bioactive chemicals from Euphorbia species might be isolated and employed as biologically active medicinal medicines by employing the right solvents.