Distribution of Productivity Elements in Different Morphotypes of Peas

The research was carried out in 2021–2023 in order to identify patterns in the formation of quantitative indicators of the main productivity elements of productivity in seed peas of various morphotypes to increase the efficiency of breeding. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone in the southwest of the Sverdlovsk oblast on gray forest soils. The material for the study included 24 varieties of whiskered, leafy morphotype and “chameleons” with Krasnoufimskiy 11, Marafon, and Spartak serving as standards, respectively. In the studied groups of varieties, the highest productivity was shown for the whiskered forms of peas for such varieties as Yubilyar (282.2 g/m²), Ryzhik (277.2 g/m²), KM 11 BK 22 (262.3 g/m²), and Tomas (261.3 g/m²). The largest number of beans per plant was found in leafy forms (3.7–5.3 pcs.): Kholik and Krasnoufimskiy 70. In 54% of variety samples (13 pcs.), the value of this indicator reached 2.7–3.3 pcs. The leading position by the highest number of seeds in a pod was occupied by varieties of the whiskered form and “chameleons” (14 varieties each: 3.4–4.3 pcs.). Only eight leafy varieties were characterized by the maximum number of seeds in a pod: 3.6–3.9 pcs. A more uniform distribution by the value of this indicator was shown for the whiskered varieties. The mass of 1000 seeds in the studied varieties of the whiskered form and “chameleons” (220–250 g) was lower than that of the leafy varieties (250–300 g). Medium-sized seeds (171–220 g) were found in 71% of whiskered, 67% of leafy, and 33% of “chameleon” varieties. The largest seed weight from one plant of the leafy morphotype was shown for Tyumensky kormovoi (3.0 g). Plant productivity was 2.0–2.5 g in 58% of “chameleon” varieties (14 pcs.). For effective breeding, it is necessary to use varieties of different morphotypes with the best biometric indicators in crossings and focus on selecting offspring for the whiskered pea morphotype with the best cultivation technology in the region.