X-ray Phase Analysis of Carbonized Kaa-Khem Coal

The structure of carbon materials obtained from Kaa-Khem coal and its derivatives (tar, pitch) is studied by means of X-ray phase analysis. Carbonization of the coal under its own vapor pressure results in a different structure of the carbon residue. Additional carbon phases may form at the surface of the carbonizate after liberation of the volatiles, as a result of secondary physicochemical processes. The initial coal structure plays an important role here. The results confirm that the formation of the carbon structure is greatly influenced by the temperature and conditions of carbonization. Factors such as structural ordering in the organic mass, increase in plate and packet size, and change in the sulfate content indicate the significant influence of heating on the structure of the materials. The results provide a better understanding of the formation of carbon materials and their potential applications.