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<p>Objective—to investigate the possibility Aim was to study a possibility of encapsulation of hydrophilic B/C and P forms of riboflavin into calcium alginate particles, to study riboflavin release from the particles and its antibacterial properties. <b>Materials and methods.</b> Alginate particles were obtained by cross-linking of sodium alginate with calcium ions and loaded in situ with B/C and P types of riboflavin. The strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteria were used to evaluate antibacterial activity. <b>Results.</b> Two polymorphic modifications and salt form of riboflavin (types A, B/C, and P) were successfully encapsulated into calcium alginate particles of about 600 μm in size. Using the methods of optical and electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that types A and B/C retain the shape of crystals and crystalline intergrowths, while type P riboflavin is uniformly distributed in the gel matrix. X-ray phase analysis confirmed the preservation of the crystalline form of type A riboflavin, but revealed that the crystalline aggregates of type B/C become amorphous during encapsulation. It was demonstrated that alginate particles containing type B/C riboflavin are characterized by a prolonged release of the active substance into deionized water, and the equilibrium concentration for type P is already reached within 30 min. It was established that the particles loaded with types B/C and P exhibit a pronounced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. <b>Conclusions.</b> The encapsulation of types B/C and P riboflavin into alginate particles allows us to preserve the antibacterial activity of the substance and provide its controlled release.</p>

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Encapsulation of A, B/C, and P Riboflavin in Calcium Alginate Particles for the Controlled Release and Antibacterial Application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • P. V. Krikunova,
  • E. R. Tolordava,
  • D. A. Burmistrova,
  • T. V. Bukreeva,
  • E. V. Khaydukov,
  • T. N. Pallaeva

摘要

Objective—to investigate the possibility Aim was to study a possibility of encapsulation of hydrophilic B/C and P forms of riboflavin into calcium alginate particles, to study riboflavin release from the particles and its antibacterial properties. Materials and methods. Alginate particles were obtained by cross-linking of sodium alginate with calcium ions and loaded in situ with B/C and P types of riboflavin. The strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were used to evaluate antibacterial activity. Results. Two polymorphic modifications and salt form of riboflavin (types A, B/C, and P) were successfully encapsulated into calcium alginate particles of about 600 μm in size. Using the methods of optical and electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that types A and B/C retain the shape of crystals and crystalline intergrowths, while type P riboflavin is uniformly distributed in the gel matrix. X-ray phase analysis confirmed the preservation of the crystalline form of type A riboflavin, but revealed that the crystalline aggregates of type B/C become amorphous during encapsulation. It was demonstrated that alginate particles containing type B/C riboflavin are characterized by a prolonged release of the active substance into deionized water, and the equilibrium concentration for type P is already reached within 30 min. It was established that the particles loaded with types B/C and P exhibit a pronounced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions. The encapsulation of types B/C and P riboflavin into alginate particles allows us to preserve the antibacterial activity of the substance and provide its controlled release.