Properties of 2- and 4-Cell Metamaterial Modules Based on Double Moebius Strips

The article continues the study of a new type of metamaterial cells based on double Moebius strips, which are mathematical constructs with unique properties such as non-orientability and one-sidedness. The authors explored various design options that utilize the variation of the metamaterial cell’s design and parameters. Due to the complexity of describing the interaction between the non-Euclidean geometry of the metamaterial cells and radio waves, numerical modeling methods were employed to analyze the proposed designs. The study evaluated and compared the proposed metamaterial cells based on two characteristics: the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability as a function of frequency. These parameters are essential in determining the cells’ performance and potential applications.

The authors found that combining multiple cells with rings based on double Moebius strips within a single block provides greater degrees of freedom for optimizing such designs’ properties than using individual metacells. Previous research has also demonstrated the benefits of using multiple cells, particularly when they are arranged in a specific pattern to achieve desirable properties. In addition, the authors discovered that the best properties are not necessarily associated with monolithic blocks with the same type of cell. Instead, combining rings with different rotation directions and cutout orientations resulted in the best performance. These findings suggest great potential for using such blocks to create one-layer or multi-layer metacoatings that cover surfaces of any configuration and size. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of metamaterial cells based on double Moebius strips, which could have many applications in telecommunications, energy harvesting, and sensing.