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<b>Abstract</b>— <p>Wool is a valuable and irreplaceable raw material for the textile industry, but a significant amount of it is defective. Improving the qualitative characteristics of wool is impossible without studying its structure. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to study the structure of normal and felted wool of sheep of the Ukrainian Carpathian mountain breed. Samples of wool, which were divided into awn and down, were studied. The surface of the fibers was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while cross-sections were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and keratosis was examined through treatment with peracids and alkali. Studies have shown that the cortex of downy fibers is characterized by a bilateral structure, i.e., it consists of ortho- and paracortical cells, and the structure of the awn is characterized by radial asymmetry. A feature of the structure of the awn fibers is the presence of a medullary layer, which is located in the central part of the hair and is composed of porous tissue containing cavities. The cuticular layer of the awn, in comparison with the downy fibers, contains a larger number of scales that differ in their shape, and it is this layer that undergoes the greatest changes in felted wool, as indicated by the scales exfoliated in some places with smoothed edges and a deformed surface, as well as a significant decrease in the beta-keratosis fraction, both in the awn (from 15.28 to 11.98%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and in the downy (from 12.16 to 9.94%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) fibers. Felting of wool leads to damage to its cuticular layer, both in the awn and downy fibers, and the discovery of these mechanisms allows the development of effective means of preventing and eliminating this wool defect.</p>

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Features of the Structure of Normal and Felted Wool of Ukrainian Mountain Carpathian Breed of Sheep

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • N. R. Motko,
  • V. M. Tkachuk,
  • N. Z. Ohorodnyk,
  • A. O. Boyko,
  • O. I. Zayats

摘要

Abstract—

Wool is a valuable and irreplaceable raw material for the textile industry, but a significant amount of it is defective. Improving the qualitative characteristics of wool is impossible without studying its structure. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to study the structure of normal and felted wool of sheep of the Ukrainian Carpathian mountain breed. Samples of wool, which were divided into awn and down, were studied. The surface of the fibers was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while cross-sections were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and keratosis was examined through treatment with peracids and alkali. Studies have shown that the cortex of downy fibers is characterized by a bilateral structure, i.e., it consists of ortho- and paracortical cells, and the structure of the awn is characterized by radial asymmetry. A feature of the structure of the awn fibers is the presence of a medullary layer, which is located in the central part of the hair and is composed of porous tissue containing cavities. The cuticular layer of the awn, in comparison with the downy fibers, contains a larger number of scales that differ in their shape, and it is this layer that undergoes the greatest changes in felted wool, as indicated by the scales exfoliated in some places with smoothed edges and a deformed surface, as well as a significant decrease in the beta-keratosis fraction, both in the awn (from 15.28 to 11.98%, P < 0.01) and in the downy (from 12.16 to 9.94%, P < 0.001) fibers. Felting of wool leads to damage to its cuticular layer, both in the awn and downy fibers, and the discovery of these mechanisms allows the development of effective means of preventing and eliminating this wool defect.