Modern Methods of Aptamer Chemical Modification and Principles of Aptamer Library Selection

Aptamers are promising for a wide application range in biomedicine and various diagnostic systems due to their unique properties as selective ligands specifically obtained or a selected target using methods of artificial evolution and combinatorial chemistry. Strategies for obtaining aptamers in vitro and using their chemical modifications, as well as approaches to design the initial libraries of compounds based on in silico prestructuring are discussed. Limitations are formulated, and a direction for the development of the field of obtaining new aptamers is proposed.