<p>Let <i>R</i> be a commutative ring and <i>w</i> be the <i>w</i>-operation on <i>R</i>. We introduce the concept of <i>w</i>-universal injective modules and establish their fundamental properties. It is shown that the product of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10587_2025_324_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E(R/\frak{m})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">m</mi> </mrow> <mo mathvariant="fraktur" stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10587_2025_324_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="11" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frak{m}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ranges over maximal <i>w</i>-ideals of <i>R</i>, is a <i>w</i>-universal injective <i>w</i>-module over <i>R</i>, albeit not necessarily a universal injective <i>R</i>-module. As applications, we characterize <i>w</i>-IF rings and <i>w</i>-coherent rings using <i>w</i>-universal injective modules. Specifically, we demonstrate that <i>R</i> is a <i>w</i>-IF ring if and only if <i>R</i> is <i>w</i>-coherent and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10587_2025_324_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E(R/\frak{m})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">m</mi> </mrow> <mo mathvariant="fraktur" stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a flat <i>R</i>-module for every <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10587_2025_324_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\frak{m}} \in w\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">m</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>w</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Max(<i>R</i>). These results extend existing results and provide deeper insights into the structure of <i>w</i>-modules.</p>

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On w-universal injective modules and their applications in commutative rings

  • Dechuan Zhou,
  • Hwankoo Kim,
  • Wei Zhao,
  • Kui Hu

摘要

Let R be a commutative ring and w be the w-operation on R. We introduce the concept of w-universal injective modules and establish their fundamental properties. It is shown that the product of \(E(R/\frak{m})\) E ( R / m ) , where \(\frak{m}\) m ranges over maximal w-ideals of R, is a w-universal injective w-module over R, albeit not necessarily a universal injective R-module. As applications, we characterize w-IF rings and w-coherent rings using w-universal injective modules. Specifically, we demonstrate that R is a w-IF ring if and only if R is w-coherent and \(E(R/\frak{m})\) E ( R / m ) is a flat R-module for every \({\frak{m}} \in w\) m w -Max(R). These results extend existing results and provide deeper insights into the structure of w-modules.