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<p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the design and production of customized scaffolds, but the minimally invasive implantation of 3D-printed structures into the human body remains challenging. This has prompted the exploration of innovative materials and technical solutions. Shape-memory polymers, as advanced intelligent materials, exhibit considerable potential in minimally invasive surgical applications. Herein, we developed a novel thermosetting shape-memory polymer, poly(L-lactic acid)-trimethylene carbonate-glycolic acid (PLLA-TMC-GA), for the fabrication of bioengineered scaffolds with body temperature-activated shape-memory functionality. We comprehensively evaluated the mechanical properties, thermal stability, shape-memory capabilities, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and 3D printing performance of PLLA-TMC-GA terpolymers with various compositions. The results indicate that PLLA-TMC-GA exhibits exceptional shape-memory performance, adjustable material properties, favorable biocompatibility, and the potential for controlled biodegradation and reabsorption. The use of PLLA-TMC-GA as a biodegradable shape-memory polymer allows the reduction of implant volume, simplifies implantation, and enables on-demand activation at body temperature. These characteristics present new opportunities for the advancement of minimally invasive surgical techniques.</p>

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Evaluation of the 3D printable temperature-responsive shape-memory PLTG terpolymers for minimally invasive surgery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Xulin Hu,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Shuhao Yang,
  • Jun Deng,
  • Wanyue Feng,
  • Haoming Wu,
  • Dongdong Han,
  • Leilei Qin,
  • Jianye Yang,
  • Zhengguang Pu,
  • Xin Yong,
  • Yanlin Li,
  • Shuai Li,
  • Ning Hu

摘要

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the design and production of customized scaffolds, but the minimally invasive implantation of 3D-printed structures into the human body remains challenging. This has prompted the exploration of innovative materials and technical solutions. Shape-memory polymers, as advanced intelligent materials, exhibit considerable potential in minimally invasive surgical applications. Herein, we developed a novel thermosetting shape-memory polymer, poly(L-lactic acid)-trimethylene carbonate-glycolic acid (PLLA-TMC-GA), for the fabrication of bioengineered scaffolds with body temperature-activated shape-memory functionality. We comprehensively evaluated the mechanical properties, thermal stability, shape-memory capabilities, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and 3D printing performance of PLLA-TMC-GA terpolymers with various compositions. The results indicate that PLLA-TMC-GA exhibits exceptional shape-memory performance, adjustable material properties, favorable biocompatibility, and the potential for controlled biodegradation and reabsorption. The use of PLLA-TMC-GA as a biodegradable shape-memory polymer allows the reduction of implant volume, simplifies implantation, and enables on-demand activation at body temperature. These characteristics present new opportunities for the advancement of minimally invasive surgical techniques.