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<p>Driven by the demand for solid waste recycling and long−life pavements, the incompatibility between high− and low−temperature performance of bituminous binder was addressed. A composite modification approach using waste polyethylene (WPE) and waste engine oil (WEO) was researched. The rheological properties, self−healing performance, and underlying mechanisms of modified bituminous binder were studied. Three types of WPE were selected, including waste high−density polyethylene (WHDPE), waste low−density polyethylene (WLDPE), and waste linear low−density polyethylene (WLLDPE). Different types and contents of WPE, as well as their composite systems with WEO, were prepared. DSR tests and BBR tests were conducted to evaluate high− and low−temperature performance. Fatigue and self−healing indices were further analyzed to characterize damage recovery behavior. FTIR, SEM, and FM were employed to reveal the modification mechanisms. The results showed that the complex modulus and potential rutting resistance of bituminous binder were significantly improved by WPE. The introduction of WEO led to a more balanced viscoelastic behavior. At temperatures ranging from − 12&#xa0;°C to − 24&#xa0;°C, the creep stiffness (<i>S</i>) of bituminous binder with 2% WLDPE–WEO decreased by 68.3–84.2%, while the m−value increased by 37.5–71.6%. At temperatures from 25&#xa0;°C to 45&#xa0;°C, the fatigue life ratio (<i>H</i><sub>(1)</sub>), complex modulus increment ratio (<i>H</i><sub>(2)</sub>), and cumulative dissipated energy ratio (<i>H</i><sub>(3)</sub>) of 2% WLDPE–WEO were greatly enhanced. It was found that WPE tended to absorb light components in bituminous binder and undergo physical swelling. This effect was relatively mitigated by WEO, which promoted the stability and uniformity of the microstructure. The stiffening effect caused by WPE was alleviated by WEO. A synergistic improvement in high−temperature stability, low−temperature cracking resistance, and recovery capability was achieved when 2% WLDPE and 6% WEO were used. Better compatibility and dispersion were maintained within the bituminous binder. This research provides a theoretical basis for the high−value utilization of waste polymer materials in road engineering.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Rheological characteristics, self-healing performance, and modification mechanism of bituminous binder modified by waste polyethylene and waste engine oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Wei Li,
  • Yingli Gao,
  • Mingtao Zhan,
  • Juncai Zhu,
  • Saifei Zhen

摘要

Driven by the demand for solid waste recycling and long−life pavements, the incompatibility between high− and low−temperature performance of bituminous binder was addressed. A composite modification approach using waste polyethylene (WPE) and waste engine oil (WEO) was researched. The rheological properties, self−healing performance, and underlying mechanisms of modified bituminous binder were studied. Three types of WPE were selected, including waste high−density polyethylene (WHDPE), waste low−density polyethylene (WLDPE), and waste linear low−density polyethylene (WLLDPE). Different types and contents of WPE, as well as their composite systems with WEO, were prepared. DSR tests and BBR tests were conducted to evaluate high− and low−temperature performance. Fatigue and self−healing indices were further analyzed to characterize damage recovery behavior. FTIR, SEM, and FM were employed to reveal the modification mechanisms. The results showed that the complex modulus and potential rutting resistance of bituminous binder were significantly improved by WPE. The introduction of WEO led to a more balanced viscoelastic behavior. At temperatures ranging from − 12 °C to − 24 °C, the creep stiffness (S) of bituminous binder with 2% WLDPE–WEO decreased by 68.3–84.2%, while the m−value increased by 37.5–71.6%. At temperatures from 25 °C to 45 °C, the fatigue life ratio (H(1)), complex modulus increment ratio (H(2)), and cumulative dissipated energy ratio (H(3)) of 2% WLDPE–WEO were greatly enhanced. It was found that WPE tended to absorb light components in bituminous binder and undergo physical swelling. This effect was relatively mitigated by WEO, which promoted the stability and uniformity of the microstructure. The stiffening effect caused by WPE was alleviated by WEO. A synergistic improvement in high−temperature stability, low−temperature cracking resistance, and recovery capability was achieved when 2% WLDPE and 6% WEO were used. Better compatibility and dispersion were maintained within the bituminous binder. This research provides a theoretical basis for the high−value utilization of waste polymer materials in road engineering.

Graphical Abstract