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<p>Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) has gained attention as a suitable binder in masonry mortars for the structural reinforcement of cultural heritage buildings, due to its chemical composition and mechanical performance that are compatible with the historic mortars, without compromising aesthetics. This study addresses the enhancement of structural build up and flexural toughness in polypropylene (PP) fiber reinforced NHL mortars with increased NHL content (40&#xa0;wt.%), designed specifically for the structural reinforcement of historic masonry buildings. A comprehensive experimental program, including microstructural analyses, rheological measurements, and mechanical testing, was conducted to determine the effects of NHL and PP fiber addition on the fresh and mechanical and fracture properties of blended mortars. Isothermal calorimetry, oscillatory shear, and constant shear rate tests were performed to establish the threshold values for varying replacement percentages of NHL on the fresh and hardened state properties of the fiber reinforced NHL mortars. The structural build up, development of early age stiffness and workability for both NHL and NHL fiber reinforced mortars were assessed through measurements of the evolution of storage modulus over time and flow tests. Results confirmed that while replacement of 40&#xa0;wt.% OPC with NHL reduces the structural build-up and mechanical and fracture properties, the addition of 1%&#xa0;w/v PP fibers effectively challenges these limitations by increasing the storage modulus by 10 times and improving the thixotropic index by 19% compared to 20&#xa0;wt.% NHL mortar. Moreover, PP fibers significantly enhance the fracture behavior of the material, increasing the fracture energy by 51.7% compared to 20&#xa0;wt.% NHL mortar. These findings reveal the potential of utilizing PP fiber-reinforced blended NHL mortars with high NHL content as a structurally efficient and compatible reinforcement interventions in heritage masonry.</p>

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Enhancing the structural build-up and toughness of blended Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) mortars

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Lorenzo Bizzarri,
  • Michail K. Margas,
  • Rohitashva K. Singh,
  • Amedeo Gregori,
  • Panagiotis A. Danoglidis,
  • Maria S. Konsta-Gdoutos

摘要

Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) has gained attention as a suitable binder in masonry mortars for the structural reinforcement of cultural heritage buildings, due to its chemical composition and mechanical performance that are compatible with the historic mortars, without compromising aesthetics. This study addresses the enhancement of structural build up and flexural toughness in polypropylene (PP) fiber reinforced NHL mortars with increased NHL content (40 wt.%), designed specifically for the structural reinforcement of historic masonry buildings. A comprehensive experimental program, including microstructural analyses, rheological measurements, and mechanical testing, was conducted to determine the effects of NHL and PP fiber addition on the fresh and mechanical and fracture properties of blended mortars. Isothermal calorimetry, oscillatory shear, and constant shear rate tests were performed to establish the threshold values for varying replacement percentages of NHL on the fresh and hardened state properties of the fiber reinforced NHL mortars. The structural build up, development of early age stiffness and workability for both NHL and NHL fiber reinforced mortars were assessed through measurements of the evolution of storage modulus over time and flow tests. Results confirmed that while replacement of 40 wt.% OPC with NHL reduces the structural build-up and mechanical and fracture properties, the addition of 1% w/v PP fibers effectively challenges these limitations by increasing the storage modulus by 10 times and improving the thixotropic index by 19% compared to 20 wt.% NHL mortar. Moreover, PP fibers significantly enhance the fracture behavior of the material, increasing the fracture energy by 51.7% compared to 20 wt.% NHL mortar. These findings reveal the potential of utilizing PP fiber-reinforced blended NHL mortars with high NHL content as a structurally efficient and compatible reinforcement interventions in heritage masonry.