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<p>To investigate the interfacial slip mechanics of ancient brick masonry subjected to hygrothermal environments, combined shear-compression tests were conducted on pre-conditioned triplet specimens. This study systematically analyzes the influence of hygrothermal cycle duration and pre-compression stress levels on failure modes, interfacial slip behavior, interfacial fracture energy, and dilatancy. Experimental results indicate that increasing pre-compression stress drives a transition in failure modes from pure interfacial detachment (Type I) to mortar joint failure (Type M). By enhancing interfacial frictional confinement and densification, pre-compression significantly augments ultimate shear strength and fracture energy while suppressing dilatancy during interfacial slip. Under hygrothermal cycling, damage morphology evolves from smooth interfacial fracture to rough internal mortar failure, accompanied by a general degradation in shear strength and fracture energy. Notably, under zero pre-compression, a transient increase in fracture energy is observed during the initial phase (0–6 days); this is attributed to the synergistic effect of moisture activation and thermal expansion, which enhances mechanical interlocking. Conversely, prolonged cycling induces binder phase weakening and pore structure coarsening, resulting in a marginal increase in dilatancy. Building upon a proposed interfacial shear bond strength model that accounts for dilatancy, this work elucidates the coupling effects of hygrothermal exposure and pre-compression on the mechanical performance of ancient masonry. Building upon a modified interfacial shear strength model that accounts for dilatancy, this work elucidates the coupling effects of hygrothermal exposure and pre-compression on the mechanical performance of ancient masonry. The model parameters were calibrated for the specific ancient brick–glutinous rice mortar system investigated in this study, and its applicability should therefore be understood within this material and environmental context. These findings provide a robust theoretical basis for the safety assessment of heritage structures in complex environmental conditions.</p>

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Interfacial slip behavior and shear-dilation damage mechanism of ancient brick masonry under coupled hygrothermal environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Qian Xia,
  • Yaozong Zhang,
  • Yiqing Li,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Qi Wu

摘要

To investigate the interfacial slip mechanics of ancient brick masonry subjected to hygrothermal environments, combined shear-compression tests were conducted on pre-conditioned triplet specimens. This study systematically analyzes the influence of hygrothermal cycle duration and pre-compression stress levels on failure modes, interfacial slip behavior, interfacial fracture energy, and dilatancy. Experimental results indicate that increasing pre-compression stress drives a transition in failure modes from pure interfacial detachment (Type I) to mortar joint failure (Type M). By enhancing interfacial frictional confinement and densification, pre-compression significantly augments ultimate shear strength and fracture energy while suppressing dilatancy during interfacial slip. Under hygrothermal cycling, damage morphology evolves from smooth interfacial fracture to rough internal mortar failure, accompanied by a general degradation in shear strength and fracture energy. Notably, under zero pre-compression, a transient increase in fracture energy is observed during the initial phase (0–6 days); this is attributed to the synergistic effect of moisture activation and thermal expansion, which enhances mechanical interlocking. Conversely, prolonged cycling induces binder phase weakening and pore structure coarsening, resulting in a marginal increase in dilatancy. Building upon a proposed interfacial shear bond strength model that accounts for dilatancy, this work elucidates the coupling effects of hygrothermal exposure and pre-compression on the mechanical performance of ancient masonry. Building upon a modified interfacial shear strength model that accounts for dilatancy, this work elucidates the coupling effects of hygrothermal exposure and pre-compression on the mechanical performance of ancient masonry. The model parameters were calibrated for the specific ancient brick–glutinous rice mortar system investigated in this study, and its applicability should therefore be understood within this material and environmental context. These findings provide a robust theoretical basis for the safety assessment of heritage structures in complex environmental conditions.