<p>Hollow Glued Bamboo Scrimber (HGBS) columns can enhance load-bearing capacity while improving material use efficiency by increasing the cross-sectional area. The connection detailing is crucial for ensuring structural reliability. To systematically evaluate the influence of three key construction measures—adhesive type (PUR adhesive vs. 101 adhesive), nail connections, and stiffeners—on the axial compression performance of HGBS columns, this study designed 10 groups totaling 20 specimens for axial compression tests. The research characterized the failure mechanisms, elastic modulus, yield load, ultimate bearing capacity, ductility index, and strain distribution patterns. A comparative analysis revealed the influence of different construction measures on strength and ductility. The results indicate that specimens bonded with PUR adhesive exhibited a higher compressive bearing capacity than those bonded with 101 adhesive, but the latter group demonstrated better ductility. Under the same adhesive conditions, the compressive bearing capacity of specimens with nail connections decreased by approximately 17% compared to specimens without nails. The stiffener configuration contributed to some improvement in both compressive bearing capacity and ductility. Based on a finite element model validated against experimental results, a parameter analysis involving different column lengths and plate thicknesses was conducted, leading to the proposal of modification factors for different connection methods. This study breaks through the assumption of material homogeneity and establishes an axial compression bearing capacity model for HGBS columns that considers the effects of discontinuous construction details.</p>