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<p>Concrete in critical structures (e.g., nuclear containment and protective barriers) can experience extreme hydrostatic compression during impact or blast events, and its residual behavior under subsequent triaxial loading remains poorly understood. This study investigates that gap by examining the triaxial response of preconsolidated concrete (PC) after severe hydrostatic loading and comparing it with non-preconsolidated concrete (NC) under identical confinement conditions. Cylindrical normal-strength concrete specimens were first hydrostatically compressed to 650 MPa using the Giga press, then reloaded in triaxial compression at confining pressures of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 MPa. The responses were evaluated through stress–strain behavior, volumetric strain, failure modes, and limit-state evolution. The novelty of this work lies in the first systematic triaxial characterization of concrete after extreme hydrostatic preconsolidation, extending the preconsolidation concept to cementitious materials. Hydrostatic preconsolidation caused severe matrix damage, reducing unconfined Young’s modulus and compressive strength by up to 96% and 78%, respectively. Under triaxial confinement, however, PC showed higher stiffness and peak stress than NC at low to moderate confinement, while the differences diminished at high confinement as both materials converged toward a dense granular packing. Failure modes also changed from inclined shear localization in NC to predominantly axial splitting in PC. These results show that hydrostatic preconsolidation transforms concrete from a cohesion-dominated composite into a skeleton-controlled granular material, with direct implications for residual-capacity assessment and constitutive modeling of structures exposed to successive extreme loads.</p>

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Triaxial behavior of concrete after hydrostatic preconsolidation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Yang Ke,
  • Yann Malecot,
  • Laurent Daudeville

摘要

Concrete in critical structures (e.g., nuclear containment and protective barriers) can experience extreme hydrostatic compression during impact or blast events, and its residual behavior under subsequent triaxial loading remains poorly understood. This study investigates that gap by examining the triaxial response of preconsolidated concrete (PC) after severe hydrostatic loading and comparing it with non-preconsolidated concrete (NC) under identical confinement conditions. Cylindrical normal-strength concrete specimens were first hydrostatically compressed to 650 MPa using the Giga press, then reloaded in triaxial compression at confining pressures of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 MPa. The responses were evaluated through stress–strain behavior, volumetric strain, failure modes, and limit-state evolution. The novelty of this work lies in the first systematic triaxial characterization of concrete after extreme hydrostatic preconsolidation, extending the preconsolidation concept to cementitious materials. Hydrostatic preconsolidation caused severe matrix damage, reducing unconfined Young’s modulus and compressive strength by up to 96% and 78%, respectively. Under triaxial confinement, however, PC showed higher stiffness and peak stress than NC at low to moderate confinement, while the differences diminished at high confinement as both materials converged toward a dense granular packing. Failure modes also changed from inclined shear localization in NC to predominantly axial splitting in PC. These results show that hydrostatic preconsolidation transforms concrete from a cohesion-dominated composite into a skeleton-controlled granular material, with direct implications for residual-capacity assessment and constitutive modeling of structures exposed to successive extreme loads.