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<p>In earthquake-prone rural regions, historical rubble masonry dwellings are highly vulnerable to seismic impact. Conventional base seismic isolation techniques are typically cost-prohibitive and structurally complex for application in resource-limited rural masonry buildings. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel, ultra-low-cost base isolation system utilizing perforated recycled rubber particle cushions derived from waste tires. Two configurations are developed: solid and perforated rubber particle cushions, both designed for simple on-site filling and retrofitting without specialized equipment. Shaking table tests are conducted on 1:50 scale models designed according to the Buckingham π theorem to ensure dynamic similarity and capture global isolation mechanisms while accounting for scaling effects. Results indicate that, owing to reduced stiffness and optimized interfacial wave impedance, the perforated cushion achieves the lowest natural frequency, the highest isolation efficiency (up to 29.8%), and the lowest acceleration amplification factor (1.443), significantly outperforming non-isolated and solid-particle systems. Further analysis reveals superior energy dissipation under Wenchuan earthquake records and frequency-dependent performance under sinusoidal excitation, with isolation rates reaching 20.6% at critical frequencies. This system offers a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing seismic resilience in rural construction. By directly linking waste tire valorization with low-carbon base isolation, this study provides a replicable model for sustainable construction in resource-limited regions.</p>

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Seismic isolation of rubble masonry using perforated recycled rubber particle cushions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Huang Long,
  • Hu Xiao,
  • Chen Zhenlin,
  • Cai Wenjing,
  • Song Yang,
  • Liao Jifei

摘要

In earthquake-prone rural regions, historical rubble masonry dwellings are highly vulnerable to seismic impact. Conventional base seismic isolation techniques are typically cost-prohibitive and structurally complex for application in resource-limited rural masonry buildings. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel, ultra-low-cost base isolation system utilizing perforated recycled rubber particle cushions derived from waste tires. Two configurations are developed: solid and perforated rubber particle cushions, both designed for simple on-site filling and retrofitting without specialized equipment. Shaking table tests are conducted on 1:50 scale models designed according to the Buckingham π theorem to ensure dynamic similarity and capture global isolation mechanisms while accounting for scaling effects. Results indicate that, owing to reduced stiffness and optimized interfacial wave impedance, the perforated cushion achieves the lowest natural frequency, the highest isolation efficiency (up to 29.8%), and the lowest acceleration amplification factor (1.443), significantly outperforming non-isolated and solid-particle systems. Further analysis reveals superior energy dissipation under Wenchuan earthquake records and frequency-dependent performance under sinusoidal excitation, with isolation rates reaching 20.6% at critical frequencies. This system offers a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing seismic resilience in rural construction. By directly linking waste tire valorization with low-carbon base isolation, this study provides a replicable model for sustainable construction in resource-limited regions.