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<p>Prefabricated joints are vital for modern timber structures. This study proposes a glulam bolted spherical hinge joint with steel clamping plates and evaluates its tensile performance through experimental testing and finite element simulations. Failure modes are characterized by plastic crushing of the glulam around bolt holes, shear bolt bending, and steel bottom plate bending. The finite element model accurately predicts the ultimate bearing capacity with a deviation within 8%. Based on the validated model, parametric analyses examined the influence of shear-resistant bolt diameter, glulam thickness, bolt spacing, end distance, row spacing, edge distance, and the thickness of the U-shaped steel bottom plate on the overall connection performance. The results demonstrate that the joint’s initial stiffness and ultimate capacity are governed by the bearing strength of the glulam around the bolt holes, the mechanical properties of the shear-resistant bolts and steel bottom plate, and the connection geometry. Quantitatively, increasing the shear bolt diameter from 6 to 12&#xa0;mm enhances the capacity by 114.9%, while a glulam thickness-to-bolt diameter ratio of 7.5 is identified as the critical threshold for failure mode transition. For optimal performance, a bottom plate thickness exceeding 10&#xa0;mm is recommended. Furthermore, a stiffness formula derived from elastic foundation beam theory shows a maximum error of 8% compared to simulations. This research provides a quantitative design framework and a theoretical basis for optimizing connections in timber space truss systems, significantly enhancing their design reliability.</p>

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Experimental and numerical analysis of tensile performance in glulam bolted spherical hinge joints with steel clamping plates: parametric study and stiffness model development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Long Li,
  • Ai-jun Chen,
  • Yi-lu Yin,
  • Guo-jing He,
  • Hao-lei Wang

摘要

Prefabricated joints are vital for modern timber structures. This study proposes a glulam bolted spherical hinge joint with steel clamping plates and evaluates its tensile performance through experimental testing and finite element simulations. Failure modes are characterized by plastic crushing of the glulam around bolt holes, shear bolt bending, and steel bottom plate bending. The finite element model accurately predicts the ultimate bearing capacity with a deviation within 8%. Based on the validated model, parametric analyses examined the influence of shear-resistant bolt diameter, glulam thickness, bolt spacing, end distance, row spacing, edge distance, and the thickness of the U-shaped steel bottom plate on the overall connection performance. The results demonstrate that the joint’s initial stiffness and ultimate capacity are governed by the bearing strength of the glulam around the bolt holes, the mechanical properties of the shear-resistant bolts and steel bottom plate, and the connection geometry. Quantitatively, increasing the shear bolt diameter from 6 to 12 mm enhances the capacity by 114.9%, while a glulam thickness-to-bolt diameter ratio of 7.5 is identified as the critical threshold for failure mode transition. For optimal performance, a bottom plate thickness exceeding 10 mm is recommended. Furthermore, a stiffness formula derived from elastic foundation beam theory shows a maximum error of 8% compared to simulations. This research provides a quantitative design framework and a theoretical basis for optimizing connections in timber space truss systems, significantly enhancing their design reliability.