<p>Ye'elimite (C<sub>4</sub>A<sub>3</sub>$) is the principal mineral phase in calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, a promising low-carbon binder. However, its excessively rapid hydration reaction poses significant challenges for practical applications, necessitating effective retardation strategies. Conventional chemical retarders can delay CSA hydration but often suffer from unstable performance and narrow dosage windows, limiting their engineering feasibility. In this study, a novel retardation mechanism based on ionic solid-solution doping with B<sup>3+</sup> was proposed and elucidated for the first time. Experimental results reveal that a portion of B<sup>3+</sup> ions substitutes for Al<sup>3+</sup> ions and enters the C<sub>4</sub>A<sub>3</sub>$ lattice, while the remaining B<sup>3+</sup> ions accumulate on the particle surface, forming a low-reactivity B-containing amorphous shell layer. This core–shell structure significantly impeded the contact between water and the reactive C<sub>4</sub>A<sub>3</sub>$ core, thereby slowing down the hydration process. Additionally, the continuous dissolution of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> into the pore solution further contributed to the delay of hydration. This dual-retardation mechanism offers a stable and controllable approach to regulate CSA hydration kinetics. The findings provide new insights into microstructural engineering of CSA and suggest a promising pathway toward expanding its applicability in low-carbon construction materials.</p>

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Unique hydration mechanism of boron-containing ye’elimite: dual retardation derived from core-shell structures

  • Nan Zhou,
  • Fei Song,
  • Yanhui Li,
  • Tao Liao,
  • Yuyang Su,
  • Deng Chen

摘要

Ye'elimite (C4A3$) is the principal mineral phase in calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, a promising low-carbon binder. However, its excessively rapid hydration reaction poses significant challenges for practical applications, necessitating effective retardation strategies. Conventional chemical retarders can delay CSA hydration but often suffer from unstable performance and narrow dosage windows, limiting their engineering feasibility. In this study, a novel retardation mechanism based on ionic solid-solution doping with B3+ was proposed and elucidated for the first time. Experimental results reveal that a portion of B3+ ions substitutes for Al3+ ions and enters the C4A3$ lattice, while the remaining B3+ ions accumulate on the particle surface, forming a low-reactivity B-containing amorphous shell layer. This core–shell structure significantly impeded the contact between water and the reactive C4A3$ core, thereby slowing down the hydration process. Additionally, the continuous dissolution of B2O42− into the pore solution further contributed to the delay of hydration. This dual-retardation mechanism offers a stable and controllable approach to regulate CSA hydration kinetics. The findings provide new insights into microstructural engineering of CSA and suggest a promising pathway toward expanding its applicability in low-carbon construction materials.